Sobulska M., Zbicinski I. Flame Spray Drying. Equipment, Mechanism, and Perspectives

CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, NY, 2022. - 159 p.
The book is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the mechanism of FSD based on the measurements of dispersed and continuous-phase parameters (PSD, particle velocities, air and particle temperatures, air flow pattern, residence time, powder properties, etc.). The chapter also includes FSD CFD model with modifications of the N avier–Stokes equations reflecting combustion reactions of the species allowed to determine basic mechanism of FSD process and relationship between particle residence time in flame and drying time to control quality of the dried product. The description of FSD process mechanism is followed by recommendations and suggestions for FSD s caling-up procedure including basic technical and safety requirements.
The second chapter presents the examples of FSD process application for dewatering of thermally resistant ( ceramic material) and thermally sensitive (maltodextrin and coffee) materials. The results of the experimental measurements of dried powder properties including bulk and apparent densities, particles morphology, moisture and fuel content, color index, and hydroxymethylfurfural content are shown and discussed. The effect of FSD parameters such as solid and fuel content in the feed, feed rate, atomization pressure, air flow rate in the tower, and feed temperature on particle size distribution and product quality is described.
The third chapter presents the principles, mechanism, equipment, and applications of three flame techniques: flame drying of textiles ( Remaflam process), pulse combustion drying, and flame spray pyrolysis. Application of flame for drying and particles synthesis provides numerous advantages such as process intensification, reduction of drying time, possibility to provide the process in single step, and enhanced energy efficiency.
The fourth chapter covers analysis of FSD process safety operation, energyconsumption, and environmental issues, followed by summary of the main advantages and disadvantages of FSD technique and perspectives of further development. Energy consumption of FSD process is evaluated and compared with conventional spray drying method proving lower energy consumption in FSD.
This book, with theoretical background of drying and combustion processes as well as practical examples of flame drying applications, can be useful for engineers, researchers, and students in the field of drying technology, and chemical and process engineering.