Volovik G.E. The Universe in a Helium Droplet

Oxford University Press, 2003. — 510 p.There are fundamental relations between three vast areas of physics: particle physics, cosmology and condensed matter physics. The fundamental links between the first two areas, in other words, between micro-and macro-worlds, have been well established. There is a unified system of laws governing the scales from subatomic particles to the Cosmos and this principle is widely exploited in the description of the physics of the early Universe. The main goal of this book is to establish and define the connection of these two fields with condensed matter physics.
According to the modern view, elementary particles (electrons, neutrinos, quarks, etc.) are excitations of a more fundamental medium called the quantum vacuum. This is the new 'aether' of the 21st Century. Electromagnetism, gravity, and the fields transferring weak and strong interactions all represent different types of the collective motion of the quantum vacuum. Among the existing condensed matter systems, a quantum liquid called superfluid 3He-A most closely represents the quantum vacuum. Its quasiparticles are very similar to the elementary particles, while the collective modes are analogues of photons and gravitons. The fundamental laws of physics, such as the laws of relativity (Lorentz invariance) and gauge invariance, arise when the temperature of the quantum liquid decreases.Introduction: GUT and anti-GUT
Quantum Bose liquid
Gravity
Microscopic physics of quantum liquids
Effective theory of superfluidity
Two-fluid hydrodynamics
Advantages and drawbacks of effective theory
Quantum Fermionic liquids
Microscopic physics
Universality classes of fermionic vacua
Effective quantum electrodynamics in 3He-A
Three levels of phenomenology of superfluid 3He
Momentum space topology of 2+1 systems
Momentum space topology protected by symmetry
Topological defects
Topological classification of defects
Vortices in 3He-B
Symmetry breaking in 3He-A and singular vortices
Continuous structures
Monopoles and boojums
Anomalies of chiral vacuum
Anomalous non-conservation of fermionic charge
Anomalous currents
Macroscopic parity-violating effects
Quantization of physical parameters
Fermions on defects and brane world
Edge states and fermion zero modes on soliton
Fermion zero modes on vortices
Vortex mass
Spectral flow in the vortex core
Nucleation of quasiparticles and defects
Landau critical velocity
Vortex formation by Kelvin—Helmholtz instability
Vortex formation in ionizing radiation
Vacuum and gravity
Casimir effect and vacuum energy
Topological defects as source of non-trivial metric
Vacuum under rotation and spinning strings
Analogs of event horizon