Duntley S.Q. Underwater Communication by Scattered Light

La Toya: 1963. — 48 p.For effective underwater communication, the light blue region represents where short-range optical communications <150 m will dominate, with data rates easily beyond 1 Mbit/s; the orange regions represent acoustic communications for lower data rates with commercial system ranges up to 10 km. Military applications will continue to use low-data-rate acoustic and RF communications. Unlike the strongly forward-scattered light in very clear water, in turbid water the short mean free path greatly expands the beam, allowing systems with wide-field-of-view optics to efficiently capture the photons that diffuse toward the receiver.