Wills R.H. The Interconnection of Photovoltaic Power Systems with the Utility Grid: An Overview for Utility Engineers

Sandia National Laboratories, 1994. - 51 p.Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation.
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or im lied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.Executive Summary

Barriers to Widespread Use
Barrier 1 - The Price of Photovoltaics
Barrier 2- Balance of System Costs
Barrier 3- Underwriters Laboratones (UL) Listing of Components
Barrier 4- Interconnection Issues
Barrier5 - Installation Issues
Barrier6 - Financial Payback
Specific System Design Issues
Differences Between Photovokaic PCUS and Rotating Generators
System Ownership & Point of Interconnection
Non-Utility-Specific Issues
Utility Specific Issues
An Overview of the Design & Installation Process
Conclusions