Clarke J.A. Energy Simulation in Building Design

Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001. 362 p. — ISBN: 0-7506-5082-6.Since the appearance of the first edition of 'Energy Simulation in Building Design', the use of computer-based appraisal tools to solve energy design problems within buildings has grown rapidly. A leading figure in this field, Professor Joseph Clarke has updated his book throughout to reflect these latest developments.The book now includes material on combined thermal/lighting and CFD simulation, advanced glazings, indoor air quality and photovoltaic components. This thorough revision means that the book remains the key text on simulation for architects, building engineering consultants and students of building engineering and environmental design of buildings.A brief history of simulation
Simulation overview
Integrative modelling
Energy flowpaths and causal effects
The need for accuracy and flexibility
Energy modelling techniques
References and further readingIntegrative modelling methodsResponse function methods
Time-domain response functions
Multi-layered constructions
Zone energy balance
Response function application
Frequency domain response functions
Multi-layered constructions
Zone energy balance
Response function application
Numerical methods
Taylor series expansion
Control volume heat balance
Numerical solution techniques
Which method?
References and further readingBuilding simulationSystem discretisation
Finite volume energy equation formulation
Capacity~insulation systems
Exposed surface layers
Fluid volumes
Equation structuring
References and further readingProcessing the building energy equationsEstablishing the energy matrix equation
Single zone formulation
Zone contents and plant interaction
Multi-zone systems
Treatment of time-dependent properties
Adiabatic boundaries
Matrix partitioning for fast simultaneous solution
Single zone solution
Multi-zone solution
Solution on the basis of complex criteria
Treatment of non-linear systems
Mixed frequency inversion
References and further readingFluid flowThe nodal network method
Boundary conditions
Node definition
Buoyancy effects
Component flow models
Iterative solution procedure
Computational fluid dynamics
Domain discretisation
Conserving energy, mass, momentum and species concentration
Initial and boundary conditions
terative solution procedure
Results interpretation
Moisture flow within porous media
Linking the building and flow domains
References and further readingHVAC, renewable energy conversion and control systemsApproaches to systems simulation
HVAC systems
Air conditioning
Component process models: algorithmic
Component process models: numerical
Modelling by 'primitive parts'
Active solar
Wet central heating
New and renewable energy conversion systems
Electrical power flow
Electrical component models
Control systems
Linking the building, flow and systems models
References and further readingEnergy-related sub-systemsWeather
Availability of weather data
Weather collection classification
Climate severity assessment
Geometrical considerations
Shading and insolation
Insolation transformation equations
The complete translation, rotation and projection equations
An insolation algorithm
Shortwave radiation processes
Solar position
Solar radiation prediction
Inclined surface irradiance
Reflection, absorption and transmission within transparent media
Intra-zone shortwave distribution
Longwave radiation processes
Exchange between internal surfaces
View factor determination
Linearised longwave radiation coefficients
Exchange between external surfaces
Surface convection
Natural convection at internal surfaces
Forced convection at internal and external surfaces
Casual heat sources
Daylight prediction
Sky luminance distribution
Internal illuminance distribution: analytical method
Internal illuminance distribution: numerical method
Photocell response
Mould growth
References and further readingUse in practiceValidation
User interface
Performance assessment method
Uncertainty
Large scale considerations
Support mechanisms
Example applications
References and further readingFuture trendsDesign process integration
Integrated product models
Intelligent interfaces
Virtual construction
Concluding remark
References and further readingAppendix A Thermophysical properties
Appendix B Deficiencies of simplified methods
Appendix C Fourier heat equation and construction time constant
Appendix D Admittance method: worked example
Appendix E Point containment algorithm
Appendix F Radiosity based lighting simulation
Appendix G The ESP-r system